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Conservation, Divergence, and Genome-Wide Distribution of PAL and POX A Gene Families in Plants
H. C. Rawal,N. K. Singh,T. R. Sharma
International Journal of Genomics , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/678969
Abstract: Genome-wide identification and phylogenetic and syntenic comparison were performed for the genes responsible for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase A (POX A) enzymes in nine plant species representing very diverse groups like legumes (Glycine max and Medicago truncatula), fruits (Vitis vinifera), cereals (Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays, and Oryza sativa), trees (Populus trichocarpa), and model dicot (Arabidopsis thaliana) and monocot (Brachypodium distachyon) species. A total of 87 and 1045 genes in PAL and POX A gene families, respectively, have been identified in these species. The phylogenetic and syntenic comparison along with motif distributions shows a high degree of conservation of PAL genes, suggesting that these genes may predate monocot/eudicot divergence. The POX A family genes, present in clusters at the subtelomeric regions of chromosomes, might be evolving and expanding with higher rate than the PAL gene family. Our analysis showed that during the expansion of POX A gene family, many groups and subgroups have evolved, resulting in a high level of functional divergence among monocots and dicots. These results will act as a first step toward the understanding of monocot/eudicot evolution and functional characterization of these gene families in the future. 1. Introduction All plant species are continuously fighting with different biotic and abiotic stresses for their existence. The stresses like harsh environmental conditions, desiccation, UV radiation, and attack of microbial pathogens may affect growth and development in the plants and sometimes lead to their death. Although all plants have different natural defense mechanisms against these stresses, in most cases, plants activate the phenylpropanoid pathway in response to pathogen attack or to elicitors [1]. In the plant phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme that catalyses the first step in the pathway and not only leads to the accumulation of phytoalexins [2] but also contributes in growth and development of plants and responses to biotic stresses [3, 4]. The plant peroxidase (POX) genes are heme-containing glycoproteins present in large numbers in higher plants [5]. These genes are involved in defense against pathogen infection or insect attack, and several other physiological functions such as H2O2 removal, toxic reduction, oxidation, lignification, suberization, auxin catabolism, and wound healing in plants [5, 6]. Plants contain multiple isoforms for peroxidases, which respond to stresses in different or similar ways by making POX genes
Novel Routes to Angular and Linear Triquinanes via Radical Induced Epoxide Fragmentation-H-Abstraction-Cyclization Cascades
Krishnamurthy, Venkat;Rawal, Viresh H.;
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society , 1998, DOI: 10.1590/S0103-50531998000400006
Abstract: reported below are the first two applications of our radical induced epoxide fragmentation-h-abstraction-cyclization sequence to triquinane compounds. this tandem sequence has provided the basis of novel routes to both linear and angular triquinanes.
Novel Routes to Angular and Linear Triquinanes via Radical Induced Epoxide Fragmentation-H-Abstraction-Cyclization Cascades
Krishnamurthy Venkat,Rawal Viresh H.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society , 1998,
Abstract: Reported below are the first two applications of our radical induced epoxide fragmentation-H-abstraction-cyclization sequence to triquinane compounds. This tandem sequence has provided the basis of novel routes to both linear and angular triquinanes.
Lactation Duration and Long-Term Thyroid Function: A Study among Women with Gestational Diabetes
Aiyi Liu,Anne C. B. Thuesen,Cuilin Zhang,Louise G. Grunnet,Pranati L. Panuganti,Shristi Rawal,Sjurdur F. Olesen,Stefanie N. Hinkle,Sylvia H. Ley,Yuan Lin
- , 2018, DOI: 10.3390/nu10070938
Abstract: Lactation is associated with reduced postpartum weight retention and a lower risk of several cardiometabolic disorders in population-based studies. We examined the association between lactation and long-term thyroid function among women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a high-risk population for subsequent metabolic complications. The study included 550 women who developed GDM in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002) and followed-up in the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study (2012–2014). We assessed adjusted associations between cumulative lactation duration and concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) measured at follow-up. Women with longer cumulative lactation duration tended to have higher fT3 levels (adjusted β and 95% confidence interval (CI) for ≥12 months vs. none: 0.19 (0.03–0.36); p-trend = 0.05). When restricted to women with a single lifetime pregnancy to control for parity (n = 70), women who lactated for >6 months (vs. none) had higher fT3 levels (0.46 pmol/L (0.12–0.80); p-trend = 0.02) and a higher fT3:fT4 ratio (0.61 (0.17–1.05); p-trend = 0.007). Our findings suggested that a longer duration of lactation may be related to greater serum fT3 levels and fT3:fT4 ratio 9–16 years postpartum among Danish women with a history of GDM. The association was particularly pronounced among women who only had one lifetime pregnancy
Sacubitril/Valsartanstive Heart Failure: Cardiogenic Shock
A. G. Kocheril,H. A. Rawal
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1155/2018/8231576
Abstract:
The Performance Analysis of Multi-Layer Split-Protocol  [PDF]
Bharat S. Rawal
Journal of Computer and Communications (JCC) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/jcc.2018.69008
Abstract: The growing need for high-performance networking is achieved with parallel processing; several networking functions are processed concurrently in order to accomplish a performance Networking Architecture. Open systems interconnection (OSI) model is an example of multi-layering structure, and each layer performs definite function unique to that layer. OSI model works on pass it on principle, and it is divided in two stacks lower stack and upper stack. Layers 4 - 7 represent upper stack and responsible for data applications. The remaining 1 - 3 layers represent the lower stack and mostly involve in data movement. There are many techniques are available for server optimization enhancing the availability by distributing the load among peer servers. According to our knowledge, nobody has implemented such splitting architecture across the entire OSI model. In this paper, we present multilayer Split-protocol (MLSP) a high performance, reliable and secure technique for spiting an application or network protocol across OSI model, and we present the design, implementation, and empirical performance evaluation of MLSP. It is the ideal choice for Cloud services where each functional component is considered an independent of each other.
Considerable Issues to detect Topical-Relevance Upon Free Texts
Arpana Rawal,,M K Kowar,,Sanjay Sharma,H R Sharma
International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering , 2010,
Abstract: Topical Relevance has always been an equivocal concept in IR evaluations upon text documents. Text Miners have been well engaged in unfolding various strategies in finding, how well the core content is expressed in a document and till what extent, the correlated topic gives out the semantic closeness exhibiting subject specificity. These directly and indirectly searched correlated term-associations initiated from the target terms, terminate in finite page vicinities of topical relevance. With this idea into the minds, the page-filtering technique emerges out as a logical approach to outline the degree of content coverage. These results can be further compared with more than one test documents to rank them in order of topical relevance.
Awareness and Acceptance Of National Vitamin A Supplementation Programme And Prevalence Of Xwrophthalmia In Rural Gujarat
Karta Girija,Purchit C.K,Rawal V.S
Indian Journal of Community Medicine , 1986,
Abstract: The present study is an attempt to assess the impact of National Vitamin A supplementation programme which is operative in Gujarat since 1974, in relation to awareness and acceptance of the programme and prevalence of xerophthalmia in children of 0-6 years of age in a sample rural population. A pretested proforma with family and child schedules was administered for this purpose followed by clinical examination of the children. Awareness ranged from 2.74% to 54.43% with an average of 49.9% Those aware accepted the programme better (84.15%) compared to the non-aware group (17.9%). Ignorance was the most significant cause (83.8%) for non- awareness. The awareness was maximum (93.48%) in socio- economic class I and minimum in class V (14.98%). The literate parents (69.97%) were more aware of the programme than the illiterate (23.7%). Significantly more cases of xerophthalia (23.66%) were detected amongst the children belonging to non- aware group compares to aware group(11.32%). The study brings out the strong positive correlation between the awareness and acceptance of the programme and some of the possible causes of the low level of awareness leading to reduced acceptance and thereby increased prevalence of xerophthalmia.
Mass as the Fifth Dimension of the Universe  [PDF]
Bijan Nikouravan, Jitendra J. Rawal
International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (IJAA) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ijaa.2013.33030
Abstract:

Newton considered three-dimensional universe endowed with flat space Euclidean geometry, and treated the time as an outside parameter and established his dynamics of the universe. Einstein along with space, considered time, and generated a four-dimensional universe endowed with non-Euclidean curved space-time geometry with time as its fourth dimension, and set up his field equations. Schwarzschild solved Einstein’s field equations around a star in space, which is, otherwise, flat, and obtained a solution. We, along with space and time, considered mass which also included energy according to Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence relation: E = mc2, and generated a five-dimensional universe with the mass as its fifth dimension, and solved the Einstein’s field equations, in some simple cases, and obtained solutions around a star in space, which is otherwise, flat.

Continuing Medical Education Trends in Maternal Mortality and Some Policy Concerns
Rawal Asha
Indian Journal of Community Medicine , 2003,
Abstract:
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